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Joined 1 year ago
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Cake day: June 19th, 2023

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  • “Non-orientable surface” is the thing. The surface of that thing is not orientable. That means you can’t draw some normal vector to define the surface. When you traverse through the surface with a normal vector you can end up in the same point with that vector pointing the opposite direction in such a surface. That gives two directions for the same point or in other words you can’t define the surface like that with a normal vector. Its the surface and not the shape itself that is non-orientable


  • Speaking only in terms of energy:

    Molecules attract (adhesive and cohesive) causing capillary rise. Actually pottential energy due to that force is reduced converted to kinetic energy of motion which then gets converted into the gravitational potential energy mgh.

    Now capillary rise won’t happen endlessly. It stops at a certain point where it cannot pull more water.

    You could evaporate this water so that more water would flow up(also works in trees, but their mechanism of pulling water is more sphisticated). But now, on evaporating, you are applying more energy to it, which molecules held by adhesive and cohesive forces are puller apart, making it gain more potential energy to pull more water from bottom.

    The reason why it rises is to minimise the potential energy and it does not increase energy